Study on clinical relationships between gene polymorphism of vitamin D receptor and adiponectin with susceptibility of non-alcohol fatty liver disease / 重庆医学

Objective To discuss and analyze the clinical relationships between the gene polymorphism of vitamin D receptor and adiponectin with the susceptibility of non-alcohol fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods One hundred and two cases of NAFLD were selected as the observation group,and other 100 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group.The gene polymorphism of vitamin D receptor and adiponectin in the two groups was detected,then the genotype distribution and allele frequencies of vitamin D receptor and adiponectin were compared between the two groups,then their relationship with the susceptibility of NAFLD was analyzed.Results The genotype distribution situation of vitamin D receptor BsmI site,adiponectin 45 and 276 sites had statistically significant difference between the observation group and control group(P＜0.05).The B allele frequency of BsmI site of vitamin D receptor in the observation group was far lower than that in the control group,and the allele frequencies of 45-T and 276-G of vitamin D receptor in the former were far higher than those in the latter,and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that vitamin D receptor:bb genotype,adiponectin 45 locus:TT genotype and ALT,TG,complicating hypertension history and HOMA-IR all were the independent risk factors in NAFLD patients.Conclusion The genotype distribution of different sites of vitamin D receptor and adiponectin has obvious abnormality in the patients with NAFLD,and both are closely related with the NAFLD susceptibility.

Effect of H. pylori on the expression of CCAAT enhancer binding protein α and Cx43 and its role in gastric carcinogenesis / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of H. pylori on the expression of CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and connexin 43 (Cx43) in gastric carcinogenesis.
@*METHODS@#Different gastric mucosal epithelial cell lines (GES-1 cells, AGS cells and SGC-7901 cells) were cultured. A total of 6 cases of chronic non-atrophic gastritis tissues, 12 cases of gastric precancerous lesions tissues and 12 cases of gastric cancer tissues were collected under endoscopy. The expression of C/EBPα and Cx43 mRNA in the above-mentioned cells and tissues was detected by real-time PCR. The GES-1 cells and East Asian CagA+ H. pylori strains were co-cultured for 24 and 48 h as an experimental group, and those cell lines without H. pylori infection were cultured for 24 and 48 h as a control group. Real-time PCR and Western bolt were used to detect the expression of mRNA and proteins of C/EBPα and Cx43 in GES-1 cells, respectively.
@*RESULTS@#The expressions of C/EBPα and Cx43 mRNA in the AGS and SGC-7901 cells were lower than those in GES-1 cells (all P<0.05), and both of them decreased more profoundly in the SGC-7901 cells than those in the AGS cells (both P<0.05). The expressions of C/EBPα and Cx43 mRNA were lower in the gastric cancer tissues than those in the chronic non-atrophic gastritis tissues (both P<0.05) and gastric precancerous lesion tissues (both P<0.05). The C/EBPα expression was positively correlated with Cx43 expression (gastric precancerous lesion tissues: r=0.679, gastric cancer tissues: r=0.792; both P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the expressions of C/EBPα and Cx43 mRNA and protein in the experimental group were decreased at 24 and 48 h after culture (both P<0.05), which were lower at 48 h than those at 24 h (both P<0.05).
@*CONCLUSION@#H. pylori infection can down-regulate the expressions of C/EBPα and Cx43 on gastric epithelial cells, which may be associated with gastric carcinogenesis.

Effects of hydrotalcite on healing quality of active gastric ulcer with Helicobacter pylori infection / 中华消化杂志

Objective To observe the effects of hydrotalcite on histological ulcer healing quality in patients with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) positive active gastric ulcer .Methods A total of 145 patients with H p positive active gastric ulcer were divided into two groups .The control group was treated with esomeprazole ,amoxicillin and furazolidone triple therapy .The treatment group was treated with above triple therapy and hydrotalcite .After four-week treatment ,gastroendoscopy was repeated .The sections of gastric biopsy specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining ,Van Gieson staining , Alcian blue-periodic acid stiff (AB-PAS ) staining , streptavidin-perosidase (SP ) immunohistochemistry staining and computer imaging analysis technology were applied to observe maturity type of mucosal structure at the margin of ulcer ,the content of collagen and neutral mucus ,and the changes of expression of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) and basic fibrobast growth factor (bFGF) before and after treatment .Paired samples t test was performed for comparison before and after treatment .F test and Chi-square test were used for comparison between two groups .Results The percentage of maturity type of regenerated mucosal structure of treatment group was 62 .9% (39/62) ,however that of control group was 40 .6% (26/64) ,and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =13 .09 , P=0 .03) .Compared with those before treatment , the content of collagen in granulation tissue and neutral mucus in regenerated mucosa increased in both groups after treatment , and the increase was more significant in treatment group ((55 .1 ± 10 .4)% and (45 .8 ± 7 .1)% ,respectively);and the differences were statistically significant (F= 12 .85 and 18 .17 ,both P<0 .01) .Compared with those before treatment ,the percentage of EGFR and bFGF positive cells of both two groups increased , and the increase was more significant in treatment group ((49 .5 ± 8 .4)% and (48 .8 ± 9 .4)% ,respectively) ,and the differences were statistically significant (F=12 .17 and 18 .73 ,both P<0 .01) .Conclusion Hydrotalcite combined with anti-H p triple therapy can improve the maturity degree of structure and function of regenerated mucosa at the margin of ulcer in patients with H p positive active gastric ulcer and then improve the healing quality of ulcer .

Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric mucosa change and blood-lipid in people undergoing the physical examination in Changsha / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the relationship between the Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection and gastric mucosa change and blood-lipid in people undergoing the physical examination in Changsha.@*METHODS@#A total of 2 264 people undergoing physical examination were divided into an H. pyloripositive group (n=1 068) and an H. pylori-negative group (n=1 196). Gastric mucosa change was diagnosed by gastroscopy, blood-lipid and blood sugar were detected, and the statistical analysis was performed.@*RESULTS@#The incidence rate of H.pylori infection was 47.2%. The incidence rate of gastric mucosal erosion, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastric mucosal atrophy, gastric polyp, dyslipidemia, increase of triglyceride were (TG) and decrease of the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the H.pylori-positive group were all higher than those in the H.pylori-negative group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). In the H. pylori-positive group, the level of TG in people with gastric mucosal erosion, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer was higher than that in people with normal gastric mucosa or mild gastritis, and HDL-C was lower than that in people with normal gastric mucosa or mild gastritis.@*CONCLUSION@#H. pylori infection can induce the gastric mucosa injury and dyslipidemia, which may result in the occurrence and development of coronary heart disease by increasing TG and decreasing HDL-C, thus increasing the risk of atherosclerosis.

Influence of endoscopic variceal ligation on liver function and risk factors of rebleeding / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the influence of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) on liver function and analyze the risk factors of rebleeding after EVL.@*METHODS@#A total of 137 cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices who received EVL were retrospectively analyzed, and divided into group A, B, and C according to the Child-Pugh scores of liver function. We compared the liver function 1 week preoperatively and postoperatively. The patients were further divided into a rebleeding group and a non-rebleeding group after the EVL, and risk factors about rebleeding were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#There was no significant difference on ALT, AST, T-Bil, and D-Bil either preoperatively or postoperatively in group A, B, and C (P>0.05). Thirteen patients (9.49%) rebled after the EVL. The course of disease, liver function, prothrombin time, and mass ascites were the risk factors of rebleeding.@*CONCLUSION@#EVL has no obvious effect on liver function, and the course of disease, liver function, prothrombin time and mass ascites are risk factors of rebleeding after EVL.

Effect of hydrogen sulifde on the expression of CSE, NF-κB, and IL-8 mRNA in GES-1 cells withHelicobacter pylori infection / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To investigate the effect of hydrogen sulifde (H2S) on the expression of CSE, NF-κB, and IL-8 mRNA in GES-1 cells withHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and to explore its mechanism on gastric mucosa inlfammation caused byH. pylori. Methods: GES-1 cells were cultured for 24 h and divided into a control group (neitherH. pylori nor NaHS), anH. pylori group, a NaHS group (which was further divided into 4 groups at 50, 100, 200, or 400 μmol/L NaHS), andH. pylori + NaHS group (which was further divided into 4 groups at 50, 100, 200, or 400 μmol/L NaHS). Each group was then cultured for 3, 6, or 12 h. The expression of CSE, NF-κB, and IL-8 mRNA was measured by RT-PCR, and their correlation was analyzed. Results: The expression of CSE, NF-κB, and IL-8 mRNA in GES-1 cells in theH. pylori group was higher than that in the control group. The expression of CSE in the 200 μmol/L NaHS group and 400 μmol/L NaHS group was lower than that of the control group (P0.05). The expression of CSE, NF-κB, and IL-8 mRNA in all groups of NaHS,H. pylori + 200 μmol/L NaHS group, andH. pylori + 400 μmol/L NaHS group was lower than that in theH. pylori group (P Conclusion:H. pylori can induce NF-κB and IL-8 mRNA expression and upregulate CSE mRNA expression. At 200 and 400 μmol/L, NaHS can suppressH. pylori-induced NF-κB and IL-8 mRNA expression and ameliorate the morphology ofH. pylori-induced GES-1 injury, which may protect gastric epithelial cells byH. pylori infection.

Construction of RNAi targeting TRAF1 gene and effect of TRAF1 on gastric cancer cells / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To construct the RNAi targeting tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor (TRAF1) gene, and to explore the effect of interference targeting TRAF1 on the biological behavior of gastric cancer cells.@*METHODS@#We detected the expression of TRAF1 in BGC823, SGC7901, and MGC803 gastric cancer cell lines through the real-time PCR and Western blot; then we constructed three pLVXshRNA- TRAF1-shRNAs expression vector targeting TRAF1. When TRAF1 was interfered successfully, we selected the strongest interference efficiency ShRNA by real-time PCR and Western blot. Based on interference targeting TRAF1 on gastric cancer, we tested the cell proliferation activity and apoptosis through MTT assay and flow cytometry, and the cell migration by transwell migration assay.@*RESULTS@#The expression of TRAF1 was increased in BGC823, SGC7901, and MGC803 gastric cancer cell lines compared with gastric epithelial cells (P<0.05), and the highest expression was in BGC823 gastric cell line. In the three TRAF1 shRNAs, the strongest interference efficiency shRNA was pLVX-shRNA-TRAF1-shRNA2. When the gene TRAF1 of BGC823 was interfered, the cell growing power was weakened and the apoptosis rate increased, and the cell migration had no difference.@*CONCLUSION@#The expression of TRAF1 is up-regulated in gastric cancer cell lines BGC823, SGC7901, and MGC803, and the most obvious one is BGC823. The interference targeting TRAF1 can successfully inhibit the expression of TRAF1 in gastric cancer cell line BGC823. TRAF1 can inhibit the apoptosis of BGC823 cells.

Influence of age on sedation for colonoscopy in adults / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the efficacy and risk of midazolam and propofol for sedation during colonoscopy procedures in adults of different age groups.@*METHODS@#A total of 180 patients undergoing colonoscopy were allocated to 3 groups: a young adult group (n=45, 18-44 years), a mid-aged group (n=78,45-64 years) and an elderly group (n=57, 65-80 years). All patients were premedicated with midazolam 0.02-0.03 mg/kg and propofol 0.5-2.5 mg/kg. The pulse rate, arterial pressure, and oxygen saturation for each patient were monitored continuously before, during and after the procedure.@*RESULTS@#The doses of midazolam and propofol for the young adults were significantly higher than that for the mid-aged and the elderly (P0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Higher dose of midazolam and propofol is needed to obtain the sedation quality in young adults. Whereas for the elderly, properly reducing the dose of midazolam and propofol may still keep the sedation quality during colonoscopy procedures.

Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection induces the proliferation and apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells and gastric precancerosis in Mongolian gerbils / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of different Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) clinical strains on the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells, and to observe the effect of H.pylori on gastric mucosa by Mongolian gerbil model infected H.pylori.@*METHODS@#H.pylori isolates harvested from pathologically documented gastric carcinoma (GC, n=10) or chronic gastritis specimens (CG, n=10) were co-cultured with GES-1 cells individually. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to determine the proliferation and apoptosis of GES-1 cells induced by H.pylori isolates. Mongolian gerbils were infected by the most (A strain) and the least (B strain) significantly proliferated H.pylori strains. Results When co-cultured with the cell/bacteria concentration ratio 1:1 and 1:50 for 12 h and the cell/bacteria concentration ratio 1:50 for 24 h, H.pylori clinical strains isolated from patients with gastric cancer promoted the proliferation of GES-1 cells, and there was significant difference in the absorbance compared with the group of gastritis strains(P0.05). The incidences of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia in the A strain group were significantly higher than those in the B strain group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#H.pylori strains from different disease sources have different effects on the proliferation of GES-1 cells. H.pylori isolated from gastric cancer can promote the proliferation of cells to different degrees and directly induce gastric precancerosis and gastric cancer.

Effects of different types of Helicobacter pylori on the gap junction intercellular communication in GES-1 cells / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective To determine the effect of different types of Helicobacter pylori(H, pylori) on the gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) in GES-1 cells, and investigate the types of H. pylorirelated to the dysfunction of GJIC. Methods Different types of H. pylori clinical strains were isolated and cultured, including the East Asian CagA-positive H. pylori( East Asian CagA +H. pylorl), Western CagA-positive H. pylori( Western CagA +H. pylori), and the CagA-negative H. pylori (CagA-H. pylori). We co-cultured these H. pyloristrains with GES-1 cells for 24 and 48h, respectively. The control group was cultured without any H. pylorifor 24 and 48 h. Change of the GJIC function in GES-1 cells was detected by the scrape-loading dye transfer (SLDT) technique. The cell proliferation of each group was examined by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results The control group showed better GJIC function in the GES-1 cells, and the fluorescent dye migrated 4 - 5 rows to the adjacent cells at 24 and 48 h. Compared with the control group, the GJIC function of GES-1 cells in the CagA - H. pylori group decreased and the fluorescent dye migrated 3 rows to the adjacent cells. Compared with the control group and the CagA- H. pylori group, the GJIC function of GES-1 cells in the Western CagA + H. pylori group decreased and the fluorescent dye migrated 1 - 2 rows to the adjacent cells. The East Asian CagA * H. pylori group showed no GJIC function or weak GJIC function, and most of the fluorescent dye was confined to the area of scratched single row cells and only a few migrated 1 -2 rows to the adjacent cells. Difference in the cell proliferation between the CagA - H. pylorigroup and the control group was not significant. The cell proliferation of the Western CagA + H. pylori group and the East Asian CagA + H. pylori group at bacterium-to-cell ratio of 100:1 and 200:1 was higher than that of the control group. The cell proliferation of the East Asian CagA +H. pylori group at bacterium-to-cell ratio of 400:1 was significantly lower than that of the control group at 48 h. Conclusion H. pylorican inhibit the GJIC function in GES-1 cells, which may be associated with CagA +H. pylori, especially with East Asian CagA +H. pylori. The effect of H. pylori on the proliferation of GES-I cells is related to virulence factor CagA.

Prokaryotic expression and antigenicity of the CagA gene in Helicobacter pylori / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To synthesize the specific CagA gene segment of the gastric cancer idiotype Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), establish the prokaryotic expression system and identify the antigenicity sequence of recombination signals.@*METHODS@#We selected the CagA fragment which was related to gastric cancer in our earlier research. The CagA gene segment was optimized and synthesized. The synthesized CagA gene was cut from the pUC57-CagA plasmid and then was carried by expression vector pET32a to be transformed into the host bacterium BL21 (DE3). The positively cloned pET32a-CagA was selected by receptivity of aniline and colony PCR. The host bacterium with pET32a-CagA was induced by IPTG to express fusion protein. The expression of CagA protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis and the antigenicity of fusion protein was examined by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#CagA gene segment was designed and synthesized. The sequence of synthesis CagA gene segment was the same as the one designed before (AF289435). We successfully constructed the plasmid of prokaryotic expression of the pET32a-CagA. Homology of the target CagA proteinum was 100%, the same as AAG09884. The host bacterium BL21 (DE3) containing pET32a-CagA could express CagA fusion protein after the IPTG induction. SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis showed that the molecular weight of fusion protein was the same as expected (45 kD). Western blot showed that the fusion protein could be combined with the antibody of the whole bacterium of anti-H. pylori.@*CONCLUSION@#The synthesized CagA fusion protein from the prokaryotic expression system has antigenicity. We hope to set the foundation for selecting the strain in H. pylori correlated to gastric cancer and corresponding therapy in clinical practice.

Effect of birid triple viable on peptic ulcer patients with Helicobacter pylori infection / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of birid triple viable on peptic ulcer patients with Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infection.@*METHODS@#A total of 120 peptic ulcer patients with H.pylori infection was randomly divided into 2 groups. The control group was treated with the triple therapy including Esomeprazole, Amoxicillin, and Furazolidone. The treatment group was treated with the same triple therapy plus birid triple viable. The pH values of the gastric juice, bacterial culture of the gastric juice, the therapy-related side effects and the healing rate of ulcer and erosive were observed before the treatment and after a 14-day-treatment respectively. The (14)C-urea breath test((14)C-UBT) was used to evaluate the H.pylori eradication rates 4 weeks after the treatment.@*RESULTS@#After the treatment, pH values of the gastric juice in both groups were significantly higher than those before the treatment (P0.05),while the healing rate of erosion in the treatment group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).The H.pylori eradication rates evaluated by per-protocol (PP) analysis in the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (80.4% and 62.4% respectively, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The combined use of birid triple viable and the triple therapy of H.pylori in peptic ulcer patients with H.pylori infection can reduce the bacteria of the gastric juice and therapy-related side effects. It can increase the H.pylori eradication rate and promote the healing of erosion.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in 210 patients / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical characteristics of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.@*METHODS@#We compared the weight, waistline, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), uric acid (UA), and complication of cholecystolithiasis of 210 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease who were diagnosed either clinically or by B ultrasound and/or CT (NAFLD group) and 248 normal persons (control group) from January 2008 to June 2009 in Third Xiangya Hospital.@*RESULTS@#The weight, weight index, waistline, blood pressure, FPG, TG, ALT, and UA in the NAFLD group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease had higher incidence of cholecystolithiasis (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The occurrence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is related to weight, weight index, waistline, blood pressure, FPG, TG, ALT, UA, and cholecystolithiasis.

Effect of Helicobacter pylori on Cell Gap Junction Ultrastructure of Gastric Epithelial Cells / 生物化学与生物物理进展

To observe the effect of Helicobacter pylori(H.priori) on cell gap junction ultrastructure of gastric epithelial cells,and to explore carcinogenic mechanism of H.priori from the changes of cell gap junction,BGC-823 cells were co-cultured with different H.prlori strains for 24 h and 48 h.The cell gap junction ultrastructure was observed under transmission electron microscope with sample preparation of fixation and embedding in situ.In 70 patients with gastric eancer(GC),H.priori was detected by rapid urease test,basic fuchsin stain and 14C-urea breath test.The CagA gene of H.prlori was determined by PCR and the cell gap junction ultrastructure was observed under transmission electron microscope.More cell gap junctions and junction complexes of BGC-823 cells were found in control group without H.priori.Groups with H.priori had less number of cell gap junctions,less number of junctions/unit perimeter,shorter length of junctions/unit perimeter,and bigger width of the intercellular space,comparing to control groups without H.priori(P＜ 0.001 or P＜ 0.005).The number of cell junctions and the number of junctions/unit perimeter in the groups co-cultured with NCTC J99,GC 01 and NCTC 11639(CagA+) were less than that in the groups co-cultured with NCTC 12908(CagA-)(P ＜0.001 or P＜0.05),and the length of junctions/unit perimeter in the groups co-cultured with NCTC J99 and GC 01 was shorter than that in the groups co-cultured with NCTC 12908 (P＜ 0.001).In patients with GC,the number of cell junctions,the number of junctions/unit perimeter and the length of junctions/unit perimeter in group H.priori infection were all less than those in group without H.prior/infection(P ＜0.001),and that in CagA+ H.prlori group were less than that in CagA- H.prlori group,but its smallest width of the intercellular space was longer than that in CagA- H.prlori group.The above results showed that the changes of cell gap junction of gastric epithelial cells were associated with H.prlori infection especially CagA+ H.prlori infection.

Effects of Psychological Intervention and Sedative on Stress Response to Gastroscopy / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To study effects of psychological intervention and sedativn on stress response to gastroscopy.Methods:86 patients for gastroscopy were randomly divided into three groups:29 patients in group of psychological intervention watched video materials about psychological intervention before gastroscopy;29 patients in sedative group were given intravenous midazolam and propofol.; 28 patients in control group were no psychological intervention or sedation. Patient's discomfort and changes of blood pressure(BP),heart rate(HR) , saturation of pulse oxygen(SpO 2) were recorded. The level of norepinephrine(NE), adnephrin(E), dopamine(DA) and cortisol(CS)in serum were detected.Results:The incidence of cough,nausea and vomiting, and restlessness in group of psychological intervention and in sedative group was lower as compared with the control group. BP,HR,NE,E and CS in control group rose significantly during the procedure while that of patients in group of psychological intervention and in sedative group was no significant change.Conclusion:The psychological intervention or sedation with midazolam and propofol can reduce stress response to gastroscopy.

REPORT OF PAINLESS GASTROSCOPY IN 1100 PATIENT / 中国内镜杂志

Objective:The study was attempted to improve the manipulation and eliminate patient's fear for gastroscopy combined with intravenous injection.Methods:A total of 1350 patients wasrandomized into test group (n=1100 given intraveous protofol and midazolam)and the control (n=250,without anesthetics).Patient's feeling,heart rate,blood oxygen saturation,blood pressure,operative duration and operator' satisfaction were recored and analysed.Results:Data in test group showed less complaints,easier manipulation,high satisfaction and no difference in operative duration and blood oxygen saturation as compared with the control.After intravenous administration of protofol and midazolam,patient's heart rate and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic pressure) significantly decreased.Conclusions:With intravenous use of protofol and midazolam,gastroscopy can be achieved effectively,painlessly and safely.

Study on painless gastroscopy with propofol and midazolam / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To study the efficacy and safety of sedation for gastroscopy with a combined use of propofol and midazolam compared to a control, non-sedative group , with the goal of establishing a method of painless gastroscopy. Methods One thousand nine hundred fifteen patients in sedative group were given intravenous propofol and midazolam . Patients feeling and discomfort, operators satisfaction and operative duration were compared with the control group ( n = 640, without sedation ) . The changes of blood pressure, heart rate and blood oxygen saturation were recorded and analysed. Results One thousand nine hundred patients(99. 2% ) in sedative group and 224 patients(35. 0% ) in control group did not complain any discomfort and pain during gastroscopy(P

A Discussion about Effect of Psychological Factor and Social Factor on the Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumor / 中国临床心理学杂志

Modern medicine is in the new phase of transform from biomedical model to bio-psycho-social medical model. Biological factors interact with the social and psychological factors. We should think highly of not only biological factor but also social factor and psychological factor in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal tumor. It is an important mission of medical workers to carry out new medical model in clinical practice.